भरतन (कलाकार)

भरतन
जन्म	Did not recognize date. Try slightly modifying the date in the first parameter.; Engakkadu, Travancore, India
मृत्यू	२९ जुलै, १९९८ (वय ५०); चेन्नई
पेशा	Director
कारकिर्दीचा काळ	1974 - 1997
जोडीदार	KPAC Lalitha
अपत्ये	Siddharth
पुरस्कार	= Kerala State Film Awards; 1975- Best Art Director (Prayanam); 1979- Best Art Director(Various Films); 1980- Director of Second Best Film(Chamaram); 1980- Best Art Director(Chamaram); 1981- Best Art Director(Chatta); 1982- Director of Best Film(Marmaram); 1982- Director of Second Best Film(Ormakkayi); 1982- Best Director(Various Films); 1982- Best Art Director(Ormakkayi); 1984- Best Art Director(Ithirippoove Chuvanna Poove); 1987- Director Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value(Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam); 1992- Director Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value(Venkalam)

Bharathan (मल्याळम: ഭരതന്‍) (14 November 1947 – 29 July 1998) was a Malayalam film director, artist, sculptor, poster designer and art director. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential filmmakers of Malayalam cinema, and also one of the most prolific. At the time of his passing, at the age of 51, he had directed more than 50 movies in several languages. He was born at Engakkadu near Wadakkancherry, in Thrissur district of Kerala, India.

ह्या लेखाचा/विभागाचा इंग्रजी किंवा अमराठी भाषेतून मराठी भाषेत भाषांतर करावयाचे बाकी आहे. अनुवाद करण्यास आपलाही सहयोग हवा आहे. ऑनलाईन शब्दकोश आणि इतर सहाय्या करिता भाषांतर प्रकल्पास भेट द्या.

कृपया, पुढील भाषांतर संकेतांचे पालन आवर्जून करा.

Early career

After completing his diploma from the School of Fine Arts he entered the world of Cinema as an art director for Vincent, an accomplished director of the time and the movie was Ghandarva Kshetram. He got the inspiration from his uncle, P. N. Menon — a veteran film director. After working as an art director and assistant director for a few movies, he made his directorial debut in 1974 with Prayanam, based on Padmarajan’s script. The movie received the national award for the best regional film in that year. It also marked the rise of two early proponents of middle-stream Malayalam cinema.^[१]

Style and themes

Bharathan's films were known for their realistic portrayal of rural life in Kerala. Melodrama and escapism, often an integral part of mainstream cinema in India, were usually absent in his films. He also managed to steer clear of the "star-centric" culture, prevalent in Indian cinema, throughout his career. His later films did involve major movie stars but usually without compromising on plot or narrative. Bharathan, along with Padmarajan and K. G. George were largely responsible for introducing a counter culture of meaningful mainstream cinema which often tread the middle path between art-house and commercial cinema. This movement was often called the "middle of the road cinema". Bharathan's films were known for their visually appealing shot compositions. His background as a painter enabled him to create frames that were often credited for their visual beauty. Natural props and nature itself often became important characters in his films (like the railway track in Paalangal, or the sea in Amaram). Bharathan is one of the few Indian directors known to use an elaborate story-board system for filming. He also often designed the posters for his films.

Several of his early films were known for their bold portrayal of sexual themes.His films often defied social conventions and norms about man-woman relationships. Rathinirvedam was the sexual-coming-of-age story of the relationship between a teenager and an older woman while Chaamaram dealt with the tumultuous affair between a student and his college lecturer. In Kaatathe Killikoodu an elderly, married Professor falls for his student. Kaathodu Kaathoram was about the social ostracism of a woman who has an adulterous relationship.

The latter half of Bharathan's career saw a distinct change in film making style characterized by a wider canvas,more attention to detail with more distinct focus on narrative style (e.g., Vaishali, Amaram, Thaazhvaaram, and Thevar Magan). Some critics argue that this quest for technical excellence was at the expense of the quality of thematic content. Films like Vaishali and Amaram (where he collaborated with acclaimed cinematographer Madhu Ambat) set a new benchmark for cinematographic excellence in Malayalam and Indian Cinema. Thaazhvaaram was stylistically inspired by Classic Hollywood Westerns though the theme and backdrop were distinctly original.

His last few films (Padheyam, Chamayam, Devaraagam) did not receive much critical acclaim or commercial success.

Film career

The director showed a penchant for brilliantly portraying rustic life in rural Kerala. Bharathan has directed over 50 films in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada. Starting his career in 1975 with Prayanam, Bharathan rode to fame with his off-beat Thakara, a film about a dumb-witted central character who falls in love with the village beauty. Some of his other memorable films include Rathinirvedam, Chamaram, Paalangal, Amaram, Vaishali and Alolam.^[२]

He displayed a rare talent in treating sex without falling into vulgarity which was to later became the trademark of the so called Bharathan touch. His association with Padmarajan was the beginning of a golden era in malayalam cinema. Few more films came out from the duos partnership before Padmarajan became an independent director himself. Rathi Nirvedam and Thakara were the most noted among them with latter being considered one of his best.

Rathi Nirvedam was a sensitive treatment of teenage sexual angst. In Thakara, he deals with life and longings of a mentally retarded youth and his association with the society.

In the early eighties he made several notable movies like Chaamaram, Marmaram, Paalangal, Oormakkai, Kaatathe Killikoodu, and many more. They did well in theaters and set the trend for meaningful mainstream cinema. Other noted directors also followed suit. It was the romantic era of Malayalam cinema.

Not all of Bharathan's films skirted with bold themes and controversy. In Oru Minnaaminunginte Nurunguvettam (1987), he tells the poignant story of a childless couple in their post retirement life. The film deals with the isolation and loneliness that comes with old age. The film was a departure from Bharathan's usual style and proved to be a major commercial hit while garnering critical acclaim too.

His Vaisali (1998) is widely regarded as a modern day masterpiece in Malayalam cinema. Scripted by the iconic Malayalam novelist M. T. Vasudevan Nair, it was an adaptation of a sub-story told in the epic Mahabharatha. Another movie born from their association was Thazhvaram. The subject was revenge, a theme quite uncharacteristic of Bharathan movies.The style of the film was inspired by Classic Westerns with a brooding, reticent central character and expansive shots of barren landscape.

Even though he was not known to cater to the star-centric system, Bharathan was instrumental in bringing together the two screen icons of Tamil cinema Sivaji Ganesan and Kamal Hassan in the Tamil film Thevar Magan which won both critical acclaim and box office success.Sivaji gave an uncharacteristically restrained yet brilliant performance in the film. The movie was remade into many regional languages (most notably Virasat in Hindi) and bagged several national awards.

His more experimental films include Aaravam, more an arthouse than commercial venture, and Nidra, a film about the plight of a girl who is in love with a mentally deranged man.

His creativity was not confined to film direction. He also wrote lyrics and tuned songs for his films. (e.g., Keli; “Thaaram Valkannadi Nokki…")

Later life

Bharatan died at a private hospital in Madras on 29 July 1998 following prolonged illness. He was suffering from liver cirrhosis.

Trivia

1. The person who is sitting and painting in the song "Ente Swapnathin" which was picturised on KJ Yesudas in the film "Achani" was Bharathan.

2. The drawings in the cave supposedly drawn by Rishyasrungan in Vaishali was undoubtedly drawn by Bharathan.

चित्रपट कारकीर्द

Sl. No.	Film	Writer	Music	Cast	Year
1	Prayanam	P. Padmarajan	M.B. Sreenivasan	Mohan, Kottarakkara Sridharan Nair, Master Raghu, Lekshmi, Kaviyoor Ponnamma, Nanditha Bose	1975
2	Guruvayur Kesavan	Puthur Unnikrishnan	G. Devarajan	Soman, Adoor Bhasi,Sankaradi, Bahadoor, Jayabharathy, Meena	1977
3	Aniyara	Uroob (P.C. Kuttikrishnan)	G Devarajan	Soman, Bahadoor, Sankaradi,Urmila, Kaviyoor Ponnamma	1977
4	Rathinirvedham	P. Padmarajan	G. Devarajan	Jayabharathi, Krishnachandran	1978
5	Thakara	P. Padmarajan	M. G. Radhakrishnan	Nedumudi Venu, Surekha, Prathap Pothan	1979
6	Lorry	P. Padmarajan	M. S. Vishwanathan	Achankunju, Balan K. Nair, Nithya ,Pratap Pothan	1980
7	Aravam	Bharathan	M.G.Radhakrishnan	Prathap Pothan, Bahadoor, Venu Nagavally, K P A C Lalitha , Prameela	1980
8	Chamaram	John Paul	M. G. Radhakrishnan	Pratap Pothan,Zarina Wahab	1980
9	Chatta	PR Nathan	Johnson	Nedumudi Venu, Achankunju, Balan K Nair, Subha	1981
10	Parvathi	adapted from the novel Adiyaravu by Kaakkanaadan	Johnson	Premnazeer, Rajkumar, Latha, K P A C Lalitha , Prameela	1981
11	Nidhra	Bharathan	G. Devarajan	Vijay Menon, Abraham P K, Lalu Alex, K P A C Lalitha , Santhikrishna	1981
12	Parankimala	adapted from the novel by Kaakkanaadan	G. Devarajan	Nedumudi Venu, Benny, Achankunju, Rani Padmini, Soorya	1981
13	Marmaram	John Paul	M. S. Vishwanathan	Nedumudi Venu,Jalaja, Gopi	1982
14	Ormakkai	John Paul	Johnson	Madhavi, Gopi	1982
15	Palangal	John Paul	Johnson	Nedumudi Venu, Zarina Wahab,Gopi, KPAC Lalitha, Adoor Bhavani, Bahadur, Shankar	1982
16	Kattathe kilikoodu	T.Damodaran	Johnson	Gopi, Sreevidya,Mohanlal, Revathi	1983
17	Eenam	P. Padmarajan	Bharathan	Bharath Gopi, Venu Nagavally, Unni Mary, Santhikrishna	1983
18	Sandhya mayangum neram	Bharathan	Shyam	Bharath Gopi, Jayabharathy, Unni Mary	1983
19	Ithiripoove Chuvannapoove	adaptation of a drama by Thikkodiyan.script; T.Damodaran and John paul. dialogues ;T.Damodaran	Ravindran	Mammooty,Suresh,Rehman,Sobhana,Madhu,KR Vijaya	1984
20	Ente Upasana	Based on a Novel by Mallika Younis	Johnson	Mammootty, Suhasini, Cochin Hanifa,Unnimary	1984
21	Kathodu kathoram	John Paul	Bharathan, Ouseppachan	Mammootty, Saritha, Janardhanan, Nedumudi Venu,Innocent	1985
22	Ozhivukalam	P. Padmarajan	Johnson	Prem Nazir, Karamana Janardhanan Nair	1985
23	Chilampu	Based on a Novel by N.T Balachandran,Lyrics Bharathan	Ouseppachan	Rahman, Shobhana, Thilakan, Babu Antony debut , Innocent	1986
24	Pranamam	Dennis Joseph	Ouseppachan	Mammooty, Ashokan, Suhasini,Vineeth	1986
25	Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam	John Paul	Johnson;Lyrics: O. N. V. Kurup	Nedumudi Venu, Sharada,Parvathi,Devan,M. S. Thripoonithara, Innocent,Shankaraadi	1987
26	Neelakurinji poothapol	John Paul	Jerry Amaldev	Karthika, Gireesh Karnad	1987
27	Vaishali	M. T. Vasudevan Nair	Bombay Ravi Lyrics: O. N. V. Kurup	Suvarna debut , Sanjay debut , Babu Antony Geetha , Sreeraman,Parvati, Nedumudi Venu Camera Madhu Ambatt	1988
28	Oru sayahnathinte swapnam	John Paul	Ouseppachan	Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair, Mukesh, Madhu, Kaviyoor Ponnamma, Suhasini	1989
29	Thazhvaram	M. T. Vasudevan Nair	Bharathan	Mohanlal, Sumalatha, Salim Ghouse,Shankaradi, Anju Camera Venu	1990
30	Amaram	A. K. Lohithadas	Ravindran	Mammootty, Maathu,Ashokan, Murali, KPAC Lalitha,Chitra Camera Madhu Ambatt	1991
31	Keli	John Paul	Bharathan	Jayaram, Innocent, Nedumudi Venu,Murali,Charmila	1991
32	Thevarmagan Tamil	Kamal Hassan	Ilaiyaraaja	Sivaji Ganeshan, Kamal Hasaan, Revathi,Gauthami,Nazar	1992
33	Avarampoo Tamil (Remake of Thakara)	Story by Padmarajan.P	Ilaiyaraaja	Vineeth,Nazar	1992
34	Malootty	John Paul	Johnson	Baby Shyamili,Urvashi, Jayaram	1992
35	Venkalam	A. K. Lohithadas	Ravindran	KPAC Lalitha, Murali, Manoj K. Jayan, Urvashi,Soniya Innocent camera	1993
36	Chamayam	John Paul	Johnson	Murali, Manoj K. Jayan,Sitara,Ranjitha,Saikumar	1993
37	Patheyam	A. K. Lohithadas	Bombay Ravi	Mammootty as Chandradas, Chippi debut, Lalu Alex,Oduvil	1993
38	Devaragam	Money Shornur	M. M. Keeravani	Aravind Swamy, Sreedevi,Chippi,Rawali,Kaveri,Priyanka	1996
39	Manjiradhwani		Ilaiyaraaja	Vineeth,Sakshi Sivanand	1996
40	Churam	Shibu Chakravarthy	Johnson	Manoj K. Jayan, Divya Unni	1997