"मध्य आशिया" च्या विविध आवृत्यांमधील फरक

| {{देशध्वज|Turkmenistan}}

| 695,300<br />(2001)

| The capital and largest city of Turkmenistan. Ashgabat is a relatively young city, growing out of a village of the same name established by [[Russian Empire|Russians]] in 1818. It is not far from the site of [[Nisa (village)|Nisa]], the ancient capital of the [[Parthia]]ns, and it grew on the ruins of the [[Silk Road]] city of Konjikala, which was first mentioned as a wine-producing village in the 2nd century BCE and was leveled by an earthquake in the 1st century BCE (a precursor of the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake). Konjikala was rebuilt because of its advantageous location on the Silk Road, and it flourished until its destruction by Mongols in the 13th century CE. After that, it survived as a small village until the Russians took over in the 19th century.<ref>[http://www.geographicbureau.com/trips/central_asia/turkmenistan/info/brief_description_of_the_main_s.jdx Konjikala]: the Silk Road precursor of Ashgabat</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=UGanxmJgQNIC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=konjikala&source=bl&ots=76-v-N-YOn&sig=_SxnsotPclSEHqnFjepj4qQhlzc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA41,M1 Konjikala], in: MaryLee Knowlton, ''Turkmenistan'', Marshall Cavendish, 2006, pp. 40-41, ISBN 0-7614-2014-2, ISBN 978-0-7614-2014-9 (viewable on [[Google Books]]).</ref>

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| {{देशध्वज|Pakistan}}

| 2,955,254<br />(2006)

| Peshawar is the capital of the [[North-West Frontier Province]] of Pakistan, located on the edge of the [[Khyber Pass]] near the [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] border. In ancient times, a major settlement called Purushpur ([[Sanskrit]] for "city of men") was established by [[Kanishka]], the [[Kushans|Kushan]] king, in the general area of modern Peshawar. Purushpur emerged as a major center of Buddhist learning, and the capital of the ancient [[Gandhara]] was moved to Peshawar in the 2nd century CE. During much of its history, Peshawar was one of the main trading centres on the ancient [[Silk Road]] and was a major crossroads for various cultures between Central Asia, [[South Asia]] and the [[Middle East]].

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| {{देशध्वज|Iran}}

| 2,427,316<br />(2006)

| The second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the [[Shia]] world. At the beginning of the 9th century (3rd century AH), Mashhad was a small village called Sanabad situated 24&nbsp;km away from [[Tous, Iran|Tus]]. It was not considered a great city until [[Mongol raids]] in 1220 caused the destruction of many large cities in the [[Greater Khorasan]] territories, leaving Mashhad relatively intact. Thus, the survivors of the massacres migrated to Mashhad.<ref name="Zabeth 1999 pp. 14-15">Zabeth (1999) pp. 14-15</ref>

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| {{flagicon|PRC}} [[शिंच्यांग]], [[चीन]]

| 2,681,834<br />(2006)

| The capital and largest city in [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]] and the cultural center of the [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]]. Two thousand years ago, Ürümqi was an important town on the northern route of the [[Silk Road]], a vast network of trade routes that also facilitated cultural exchanges throughout [[Eurasia]].

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== संदर्भ ==