"चलचित्र" च्या विविध आवृत्यांमधील फरक
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{{भाषांतर}}
'''चलचित्र,चित्रपट,फिल्म्स,किंवा सिनेमा,मुव्हीज.'''
[[चित्र:BolexH16.jpg|right|thumb|A [[16 mm film|16 mm]] spring-wound [[Bolex]] H16 Reflex camera, a popular introductory camera in [[film school]]s]]
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▲'''Film''' encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an [[art]] form, and the [[film industry|motion picture industry]]. Films (also referred to as ''movies'' or ''motion pictures'') are produced by [[recording]] photographic images with [[camera]]s, or by creating images using [[animation]] techniques or [[visual effects]].
Films are [[cultural artifact]]s created by specific [[culture]]s, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important [[art]] form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for [[documentary film|educating]] — or [[propaganda|indoctrinating]] — citizens. The visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbing]] or [[subtitles]] that [[translation|translate]] the dialogue.
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Preceding film by thousands of years, [[Play (theatre)|plays]] and [[dances]] had elements common to film: [[Script (performing arts)|scripts]], [[Set construction|sets]], [[costumes]], [[Filmmaking#Production|production]], [[Film director|direction]], [[actors]], [[audiences]], [[storyboards]], and [[Film score|scores]]. Much terminology later used in film theory and criticism applied, such as [[mise en scene]] (roughly, the entire visual picture at any one time). Moving visual and aural images were not recorded for replaying as in film.
[[Anthemius of Tralles]] used an early type of [[camera obscura]] in the 6th century<ref>[[Alistair Cameron Crombie]], ''Science, optics, and music in medieval and early modern thought'',p.205</ref> The [[camera obscura]] was further described by [[Alhazen]] in his ''[[Book of Optics]]'' (1021),<ref name=Wade>{{Citation |last=Wade |first=Nicholas J. |last2=Finger |first2=Stanley |year=2001 |title=The eye as an optical instrument: from camera obscura to Helmholtz's perspective |journal=Perception |volume=30 |issue=10 |pages=1157–1177 |doi=10.1068/p3210 |
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In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing two-dimensional drawings in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the [[zoetrope]], [[mutoscope]] and [[praxinoscope]]. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as [[magic lantern]]s) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called [[persistence of vision]]. Naturally the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect, and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film [[animation]].
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