"भारतीय अंतराळ संशोधन संस्था" च्या विविध आवृत्यांमधील फरक

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ओळ १:
{{भाषांतर}}
{{Infobox Space agency
|name = भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संस्थाIndianसंस्था Indian Space Research Organisation
|native_name = भारतीय अंतरिक्षअंतराळ अनुसंधानसंशोधन संस्था
|acronym = ISRO (इस्रो)
|image = isro-logo.jpg
|caption = ISRO logo
|headquarters = Antarikshअंतरिक्ष Bhavanभवन, Newनविन बेल (BEL) Roadमार्ग, [[Bangaloreबंगरुळ]], Indiaभारत
|spaceport = [[Satishसतिश Dhawanधवन Spaceअंतराळ Centreकेंद्र]]
|established = 15१५ Augustऑगस्ट, 1969१९६९
|administrator = [[G. Madhavanमाधव Nairनायर]] (Chairman)
|budget = ([[US$डॉलर]]1.01०१ billion) <small>(2009२००९-10१०)</small><ref>http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=133606</ref>
|URL = [http://www.isro.org ISRO homepage]
}}
 
 
:'''भारतीय अंतराळ संशोधन संस्था''' ही [[भारत सरकार|भारत सरकारच्या]] आधिपत्याखालील अंतराळ संशोधन करणारी एक मुलभूत संस्था आहे. ही जगातील अग्रगण्य संशोधन संस्थांपैकी एक आहे. पुर्वीपासुन करण्यात आलेल्या सततच्या विविध प्रयत्नांमुळे, सन १९६९ मध्ये तिचे आधुनिकिकरण करण्यात आले. भारत व विदेशातील अनेकांसाठी,अनेक शास्त्रज्ञांच्या मार्गदर्शनाखाली 'इस्रो' (Indian Space Research Organisation-(ISRO) चे मराठी'''लघु रुप''') ने, त्याच्या [[प्रक्षेपण यान|प्रक्षेपण यानाच्या]] ताफ्याचे सहाय्याने अनेक कार्यक्रम पुर्ण केले. इस्रो पाशी त्यांच्या स्वतःच्या अनेक उभारण्या आहेत व त्यांच्या द्विपक्षीय आणि अनेकपक्षी करारांमुळे ते जागतीक समुहासमवेत सहकार्य करते.
==पूर्वकाळ==
 
ओळ ४२:
===[[उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान]] (SLV)===
 
{{main|उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान}}
{{main|Satellite Launch Vehicle}}
::''Status: <font color="Grey">Decommissioned</font color="Grey">''
भारतीय उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यानाचे काम १९७० मध्य इस्रो ने सुरू केले. ह्या कामाचे प्रोजेक्ट लीडर डॉ. ए.पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम होते. उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यानाने ४०० कि.मी. ची उंची गाठावी असा ह्या कामाचा मुख्य उद्देश होता. उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान हे चार स्टेज रॉकेट आहे व ह्याच्या प्रत्येक स्टेज मध्ये सॉलीड प्रोपेलंट मोटार्स वापरल्या जातात.<ref>{{संकेतस्थळ स्रोत|दुवा=http://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/lanc_isro.html| शीर्षक=ISRO vehicles| प्रकाशक=Jean-Jacques Serra for TBS Satellite| ॲक्सेसदिनांक = 2009-01-27}}</ref> यातील प्रथम प्रक्षेपण सन १९७९ मध्ये झाले त्यानंतर प्रत्येक साली प्रत्येकी २.<ref name=ISROms>{{संकेतस्थळ स्रोत|दुवा=http://www.isro.org/mileston.htm| शीर्षक=ISRO milestones| प्रकाशक=ISRO| ॲक्सेसदिनांक = 2009-01-27}}</ref>
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===सुधारीत उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान (ASLV)===
 
{{main|सुधारीत उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान}}
{{main|ASLV}}
::''Status: <font color="Grey">Decommissioned</font color="Grey">''
 
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=== [[धृविय उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान]] (PSLV)===
 
{{main|धृविय उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान}}
{{main|PSLV}}
::''स्थिती : <font color="Green">Active</font color="Green">''
 
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=== [[भूस्थिर उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान]] (GSLV)===
 
{{main|भूस्थिर उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान}}
{{main|GSLV}}
::''स्थिती: <font color="Green">Active</font color="Green">''
 
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=== [[भूस्थिर उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान-३]] (GSLV III)===
 
{{main|भूस्थिर उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान-३}}
{{main|GSLV III}}
::''स्थिती: <font color="Orange">Development</font color="Orange">''
 
ओळ ८२:
===[[इन्सॅट क्रमावली]]===
 
{{main|इन्सॅट क्रमावली}}
{{main|Indian National Satellite System}}
[[भारतीय राष्ट्रीय उपग्रह प्रणाली]]
INSAT (Indian National Satellite System) is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology and search-and-rescue needs of India. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Asia-Pacific Region. It is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, [[India Meteorological Department]], [[All India Radio]] and [[Doordarshan]]. The overall coordination and management of INSAT system rests with the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination Committee.
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===[[सुदूर संवेदन क्रमावली]]===
 
{{main|सुदूर संवेदन क्रमावली}}
{{main|Indian Remote Sensing satellite}}
 
Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of earth observation satellites, built, launched and maintained by ISRO. The IRS series provides remote sensing services to the country. The Indian Remote Sensing Satellite system is the largest constellation of remote sensing satellites for civilian use in operation today in the world. All the satellites are placed in polar [[sun-synchronous orbit]] and provide data in a variety of spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions to enable several programs to be undertaken relevant to national development.
ओळ १०७:
===चांद्रयान-१===
 
{{main|Chandrayaanचंद्रयान-1}}
 
Chandrayaan-1 (संस्कृत : चंद्रयान-१) is India's first mission to the moon. The unmanned lunar exploration mission includes a lunar orbiter and an impactor called the [[Moon Impact Probe]]. India launched the spacecraft using a modified version of the [[PSLV]] C11 on 22 October 2008 from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], Sriharikota. The vehicle was successfully inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November 2008. It carries high-resolution remote sensing equipment for visible, near infrared, and soft and hard X-ray frequencies. Over its two-year operational period, it is intended to survey the lunar surface to produce a complete map of its chemical characteristics and 3-dimensional topography. The polar regions are of special interest, as they might contain [[lunar ice|ice]]. The lunar mission carries five ISRO payloads and six payloads from other international space agencies including [[NASA]], [[ESA]], and the [[Bulgarian Aerospace Agency]], which were carried free of cost. The Chandrayaan-1 along with NASA's LRO played a major role in discovering the existence of water on the moon.<ref>{{संकेतस्थळ स्रोत|दुवा=http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/30/stories/2009083060730100.htm|शीर्षक=‘Mission definitely over’|दिनांक=2009-08-30|प्रकाशक=The Hindu|कृती=90-95% of the job done|ॲक्सेसदिनांक=2009-08-29}}</ref>
 
===मंगळ स्वारी (Mars mission)===
The Indian Space Research Organisation had begun preparations for a mission to Mars and had received seed money of Rs10 crore from the government.The space agency was looking at launch opportunities between 2013 and 2015.<ref>http://www.domain-b.com/aero/space/spacemissions/20090812_chandrayaan_1_oneView.html</ref> The space agency would use its [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (GSLV) to put the satellite in orbit and was considering using ion-thrusters, liquid engines or [[nuclear power]] to propel it further towards Mars.<ref>http://www.marsdaily.com/reports/ISRO_Eyes_Mission_To_Mars_As_Government_Sanctions_Funding_999.html</ref> The Mars mission studies had already been completed and that space scientists were trying to collect scientific proposals and scientific objectives.<ref>http://news.rediff.com/report/2009/aug/31/isro-to-launch-mars-mission-by-2015.htm</ref>
 
ओळ ११७:
[[Image:ISRO-sre02.jpg|thumb|[[Indian Navy]] [[Frogmen]] recovering the [[Space Capsule Recovery Experiment|SRE-1]]]]
 
{{main|मानव अवकाशोड्डान कार्यक्रम}}
{{main|Indian human spaceflight program}}
 
The Indian Space Research Organization has been sanctioned a budget of Rs. 12,400 [[crore]] for its human spaceflight program. According to the Space Commission which passed the budget, an unmanned flight will be launched in 2013-2014 and manned mission likely to launch by 2014-2015.<ref>http://www.indiaedunews.net/Science/ISRO_gets_green_signal_for_manned_space_mission_7530/</ref> If realized in the stated time-frame, India will become only the fourth nation, after the [[USSR]], [[USA]] and [[China]], to successfully carry out manned missions indigenously.
ओळ १५९:
==(Field installations) स्थळ उभारण्या==
 
ISRO's headquarters is located at Antarikshअंतरिक्ष Bhavanभवन, inनविन बेल (BEL) मार्ग, [[Bangaloreबंगरुळ]], भारत.
 
=== संशोधन सुविधा (Research facilities)===