"मराठी लोक" च्या विविध आवृत्यांमधील फरक
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
ओळ ५५:
या लेखामधून पुतळ्याचे शिल्पकार व तत्कालीन राजाबद्दल माहिती मिळते.
== इतिहास ==
उपलब्ध असलेल्या सर्वात पुरातन माहितीनुसार हल्ली महाराष्ट्र या नावाने ओळखला जाणारा प्रदेश पूर्वी "दंडकारण्य" म्हणून ओळखला जात होता. दंडकारण्य या शब्दाचा अर्थ "कायद्याचे राज्य असलेले अरण्य" असा आहे.
ईसवी सन पूर्व ६०० मध्ये महाराष्ट्र हा प्रदेश हे एक महाजनपद होते. मात्र आर्यांच्या प्रवेशापूर्वी या प्रदेशाचे नागरिकीकरण झाले होते की नाही ही माहिती अज्ञात आहे. अशोक राजानंतर हा प्रदेश [[मौर्य साम्राज्य|मौर्य साम्राज्याचा]] भाग झाले व त्याचे आर्यीकरण झाले.<BR>
ईसवी सन पूर्व २३० मध्ये स्थानिक राजघराणे [[सातवाहन]] हे महाराष्ट्रात सत्तेवर आले.
Around [[230 BC]], a local dynasty, the [[Satavahana|Sātavāhana]]s rose to power in the [[Maharashtra]]. The kingdom, based in [[Junnar]] near [[Pune]], eventually turned into an empire with the conquests of the northern part of what is today known as [[Karnataka]] as well as [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is believed that most of the Marathi people today are descendants of this empire. The empire reached its zenith under [[Gautamiputra Satkarni|Gautamiputra Sátakarni]], more popularly known as ''Shalivahan''. He started a new calendar called ''Shalivahan Shaka'' which is still used by [[Maharashtrians]] today. The empire collapsed around 300 CE. The use of [[Maharashtri|Maharashtri language]] (proto-[[Marathi]]) also started during the Satavahana rule. After which the region was ruled by various small kingdoms. The region was annexed by the [[Rashtrakuta]] dynasty in the 8th century. After the [[Rashtrakuta]] kingdom fell, the region was ruled by the [[Yadava Dynasty]] of [[Deogiri]] who made [[Marathi]] their official language. They ruled till 13th century after which the region fell under [[Islamic rule in India|Islamic rule]]. The [[Deccan sultanates]] ruled [[Maharashtra]] for around three centuries.
In mid 17th century, [[Shivaji Maharaj]] founded the [[Maratha Empire]] by reclaiming the [[Desh]] and the [[Konkan]] region. After a lifetime of exploits and a series of conquests, [[Shivaji]] died in 1680. The [[Mughal]]s who had lost a lot of ground to the [[Maratha]]s under [[Shivaji]] invaded [[Maharashtra]] in 1681. Shivaji's son [[Sambhaji]] was crowned [[Emperor]] in 1681 after a brief civil war. Sambhaji led the [[Maratha]]s valiantly against a much stronger opponent. Till [[1689]], Sambhaji never lost a fort or territory to [[Aurangzeb]]. But in 1689, he was betrayed by his own commanders and was captured, brutally tortured and cruelly beheaded by Aurangzeb.<ref>"Sambhaji" - Patil, Vishwas, Mehta Publishing House, Pune, 2006</ref> With their leader dead, the Marathas were demoralised, but the young [[Rajaram]] was put to the throne and then the [[Maratha]] crown prince had to retreat to [[Jinji]] in [[South India]]. But in 1707, under the leadership of [[Tarabai|Maharani Tarabai]], the [[Maratha]]s won the [[War of 27 years]]. The grandson of Shivaji saw the greaetst expansion of maratha.After his death in [[1749]] the [[Peshwa]] became the real power behind the empire. The empire was expanded by [[Bajirao]] and his son [[Balaji Bajirao]] until the [[Maratha]]s ruled practically the whole sub-continent. [[Pune]] became the imperial seat with envoys, ambassadors and royals coming in from far and near. However, after the [[Third battle of Panipat]], the empire broke up into independent kingdoms. However due to the efforts of [[Mahadji Shinde]], it remained a confederacy until the [[United Kingdom|British]] defeated [[Bajirao II]]. Still, small kingdoms of [[Maratha]]s remained in the country until Independence of India when the kingdoms acceded into the [[Dominion of India]].
अपूर्ण
| |||