"मध्य आशिया" च्या विविध आवृत्यांमधील फरक

| {{देशध्वज|Turkmenistan}}

| 695,300<br />(2001)

| The capital and largest city of Turkmenistan. Ashgabat is a relatively young city, growing out of a village of the same name established by [[Russian Empire|Russians]] in 1818. It is not far from the site of [[Nisa (village)|Nisa]], the ancient capital of the [[Parthia]]ns, and it grew on the ruins of the [[Silk Road]] city of Konjikala, which was first mentioned as a wine-producing village in the 2nd century BCE and was leveled by an earthquake in the 1st century BCE (a precursor of the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake). Konjikala was rebuilt because of its advantageous location on the Silk Road, and it flourished until its destruction by Mongols in the 13th century CE. After that, it survived as a small village until the Russians took over in the 19th century.<ref>[http://www.geographicbureau.com/trips/central_asia/turkmenistan/info/brief_description_of_the_main_s.jdx Konjikala]: the Silk Road precursor of Ashgabat</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=UGanxmJgQNIC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=konjikala&source=bl&ots=76-v-N-YOn&sig=_SxnsotPclSEHqnFjepj4qQhlzc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA41,M1 Konjikala], in: MaryLee Knowlton, ''Turkmenistan'', Marshall Cavendish, 2006, pp. 40-41, ISBN 0-7614-2014-2, ISBN 978-0-7614-2014-9 (viewable on [[Google Books]]).</ref>

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