"बंजारा" च्या विविध आवृत्यांमधील फरक

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खूणपताका: संदर्भ क्षेत्रात बदल. मोबाईल संपादन मोबाईल अ‍ॅप संपादन
ओळ १९:
बंजारा समाजात विविध रूढी,परंपरा ,सन,उत्सव पाहायला मिळतात
ह्या समाजात गोर, लमानि,लाभानि,लंबाड़ा बंजारा आदि गोत्र आहेत .हां बंजारा समाज गाय पूजक असल्यामुळे या समाजाला गोर ऎसे म्हटले जाते.
 
 
 
बंजारा हा समाज लमानी, लम्बाडि ,बंजारा लमानी,अशा विविध नावानी ओळखल्या जातात.
The Banjara, also called Lamani, Lambadi, Banjara Lambani are a class usually described as nomadic people from the Indian state of Rajasthan, now spread out all over Indian subcontinent. They claim to descend from Rajputs, and are also kynown as Lakha. Banjara means Lakhapati, Banjari, Pindari, Bangala, Banjori, Banjuri, Brinjari, Lamani, Lamadi, Lambani, Labhani, Lambara, Lavani, Lemadi, Lumadale, Labhani Muka, Goola, Gurmarti,dhadi, Gormati, Kora, Sugali, Sukali, Tanda, Vanjari, Vanzara, and Wanji. Together with the Domba, they are sometimes called the "gypsies of India".[1] They are known for coloured dress, folk ornaments and bangles.Their traditional living place, called Tanda, is usually located outside a village (in India).[2]
Banjara
 
Banjara woman in traditional dress
Languages
Banjari
Religion
Hinduism
 
They are divided in two tribes, Maturia, and Labana.[3]
 
Origins
According to J.J Roy Burman, in his book titled, Ethnography of a Denotified Tribe The Laman Banjara, The name Laman is popular long before the name Banjara and the Laman Banjaras originally came from Afghanistan before settling in Rajasthan and other parts of India. He states that according to Motiraj Rethod, the Lamans were originally from Afghanistan and there is an independent province and village called Gor in that country.[4]
 
 
Art work by Lambani woman
Etymology
Banjaras are traditionally known as suppliers and pack bullock carriers and Banjara word is derived from Sanskrit word vana chara (wanderers in jungle). The word Lambani or Lamani is derived from Sanskrit word lavana (salt) which was the principal goods they transported across the country.[5]
 
Culture
 
Traditional Banjara Dress
Banjara people celebrate Teej. The festival, celebrated during the Shravana Mass month (August), is considered as a festival of "unmarried girls" who pray for a "better groom".[6] Girls sow seeds in bamboo bowls and water it three times a day for nine days and if the sprouts grow "thick and high", it is considered as good omen for their future groom. The bowls with seedlings are kept in the middle and the girls sing and dance circling the bowl.[6] Holi is also celebrated by Banjara people.[7] Singers of the community, known as "Dadhis" or "Gajugonia"[8] perform songs with sarangi.[9]
 
Art
Folk art of Banjara people include activities like dance, rangoli, embroidery, tattooing, music, painting.[10] Specifically embroidery and tattooing has more significance in the community. Lambani women specialise in "lepo" embroidery on clothes by vowing glass pieces in clothes.[11] "Sandur Lambani Craft" practiced by the Lambani people had received a Registered Geographic Indication tag in India, enabling the community people to exclusively market them in that name.[12]
 
Religion
Banjara people follow Hinduism,[13] and worship Hindu gods like Krishna, Balaji, Jagadamba Devi and Hanuman. They also pray tl Sati Aayi, Seva Bhayya or Sevalal, Mithu Bhukhiya which are gods of their community.[14] They also worship peer and Banjara Devi by praying in the forest, represented by a heap of stones. Of these, Mithu Bhukhiya was an "expert decoit" of the tribe and is worshipped in a hut built in front of Tanda or village with a white flag on top. This practice is gradually losing its importance, mainly because the people are more engaged in agriculture, government employment and other labour.[15] No member of the community is allowed to sleep in the special hut built for Mithu Bhukhiya (also spelled Mitthu Bhukhiya).[16] Seva Bhaya or Seva Lal was a saint and is highly respected by the Banjara people. He protected the women of his community and his story is quoted by British administrators who tagged his period around 1857 A.D. with his original name as Siva Rathode.[15]
 
Beliefs
Banjara people are "strong believers" of god, and had construed many temples, such as Shri Shiva Anjaneya Swamy Temple. The temple has a Shiva's idol which is believed to be 150 year old.
 
Language
They speak Banjari language which is also called as Goar-boli which belongs to Indo-Aryan group of languages and the language has no script and recorded history.[17] The community as a whole is learning local Indian languages in schools and gradually they are losing the original dialect and most of them have become bi-lingual or multi-lingual, adopting the predominant language of their surroundings.[18] Efforts are being put to include Banjara language in 8th Schedule of Constitution of India,[19] which may give the language better status to get more funds for research and development.
 
 
A Banjara Family
Distribution
The most numerous Banjara or Lambadi community is in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states at 2.2 million where they speak their own dialect along with Telugu. In Karnataka, they are spread in northern parts of the state[20] and Karnataka has second largest population (1.1 million, as of 2012) in India.[21]
 
In India, Banjara people were transporters of goods from one place to other and the goods they transported included salt, grains, firewood and cattle. During 18th Century, the British colonial authorities brought the community under the preview of Criminal Tribes Act of 1871. By enforcing this act, the British Raj curbed the movement of Banjara people.[22] The stigma attached to this continued until 1952 when the Act was abolished by the newly Independent India.
 
Classification
In some states of India, they are considered as Scheduled Caste while in other states they are categorized as Scheduled Tribe.[19] In the state Rajasthan, they are Other Backward Classes (OBC) category. In the state of Tamil Nadu they are Backward Classes (BC), in Karnataka, they are categorised as Scheduled Caste since 1977.[23] There has been continuous efforts by Government agencies to improve the conditions of community by activities such as building 8622 houses for them during 2009-10.[24]
 
See also
Banjara (Muslim)
List of Scheduled Tribes in India
Rajasthani people
Vanjari (caste)
Romani people
References
^ Lamani Economy and Society in Change. Mittal Publications. pp. 14–. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
^ Dhanasing B. Naik, p.1
^ (sir.), Alfred Comyn Lyall (1870). "Appendix A : Sketch of Banjáras of Berár". Gazetteer for the Haidarábád assigned districts commonly called Berár. Printed at the Education Society's Press. p. 195. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
^ J.J Roy Burman, Ethnography of a Denotified Tribe The Laman Banjara A Mittal Publication
^ B. G. Halbar, p.14
^ a b "Banjara tribe refuses to snap ties with its culture". The Hindu. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
^ "http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/they-come-together-to-celebrate-holi/article720242.ece". The Hindu. 1 March 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
^ Dhanasing B.Naik,p.70
^ Dhanasing B. Naik, plate 50
^ Dhanasing B. Naik, p.132
^ Dhanasing B. Naik, plate.26,27
^ "Sandur Lambani embroidery gets GI tag". 30 September 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
^ S.G.Deogaonkar and Shailaja S.Deogaonkar, p.41
^ S.G.Deogaonkar and Shailaja S.Deogaonkar, p.42
^ a b S.G.Deogaonkar and Shailaja S.Deogaonkar, p.43
^ Crooke, William (1994). An introduction to the popular religion and folklore of Northern India. New Delhi [u.a.]: Asian Educational Services. p. 125. ISBN 9788120609709.
^ Dhanasing B. Naik, p.10
^ B. G. Halbar, p.20
^ a b "Inclusion of Banjara language in 8th Schedule sought". The Hindu. 4 March 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
^ Halbar p. 16
^ Gowda, Aravind (27 February 2012). "Truly the forgotten people of Karnataka". India Today. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
^ Dr. Tanaji Rathode. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES OF BANJARA COMMUNITY:". Banjara Times. Banjara Times. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
^ Halbar. p 19
^ Kadkol, Pradeepkumar (8 August 2009). "Bijapur: 8,622 houses to be built for Lambanis". The HIndu. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
Bibliography
Halbar, B.G. (1986). Lamani Economy and Society in Change. Mittal Publications, Delhi.
Shashishekhar Gopal Deogaonkar, Shailaja Shashishekhar Deogaonkar (1992). The Banjara. Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
Naik, Dhanasing B (2000). The Art and Literature of Banjara Lambanis: A Socio-cultural Study. Abhinav Publications, New Delhi.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Banjara people.
Ethnology of Lambadi people (Banjaras), Chennai Museum
Banjara culture
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