"ज्ञानकोश" च्या विविध आवृत्यांमधील फरक
Content deleted Content added
संतोष दहिवळ (चर्चा | योगदान) छो Reverted 1 edit by सांगकाम्या (talk) identified as vandalism to last revision by संतोष दहिवळ.... |
संतोष दहिवळ (चर्चा | योगदान) No edit summary |
||
ओळ १६६:
The second half of the 20th century also saw the publication of several encyclopedias that were notable for synthesizing important topics in specific fields, often by means of new works authored by significant researchers. Such encyclopedias included ''The Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (first published in 1967 and now in its second edition), and ''Elsevier's Handbooks In Economics''<ref>[http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/S04.cws_home/books Economics and Finance - Elsevier<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> series. Encyclopedias of at least one volume in size exist for most if not all [[academic discipline]]s, including, typically, such narrow topics such as [[bioethics]] and [[African American history]].
By the late 20th century, encyclopedias were being published on [[CD-ROM]]s for use with personal computers. [[Microsoft]]'s ''[[Encarta]]'' was a landmark example, as it had no print version, although a printed version of a Microsoft encyclopedia existed. Articles were supplemented with video and audio files as well as numerous high-quality images. Similar encyclopedias were also being published [[online]], and made available by subscription. All editions of ''Encarta'' except Encarta Japan are being discontinued as of October 31, 2009.<ref>
Traditional encyclopedias are written by a number of employed text writers, usually people with an [[academic degree]], and distributed as [[Intellectual property|proprietary]] content.
| |||